What does it mean when triglycerides are high?

High triglycerides mean your blood contains elevated levels of fat particles called triglycerides, specifically when levels exceed 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) according to the American Heart Association guidelines.

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in your blood that your body uses for energy. When you eat more calories than your body needs, especially from carbohydrates and sugars, the excess calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in fat cells. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute defines triglyceride levels as follows:

• Normal: Less than 150 mg/dL
• Borderline high: 150-199 mg/dL
• High: 200-499 mg/dL
• Very high: 500 mg/dL or above

High triglycerides significantly increase your risk for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. According to research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, elevated triglycerides can contribute to hardening of arteries and thickening of artery walls. Very high levels above 500 mg/dL also increase the risk of acute pancreatitis, a serious inflammation of the pancreas.

Common causes of high triglycerides include consuming excess calories, particularly from refined carbohydrates and sugary foods, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Medical conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome can also elevate triglyceride levels. Certain medications including corticosteroids, beta-blockers, and some diuretics may contribute to increased levels.

High triglycerides rarely cause noticeable symptoms until levels become extremely elevated. However, when triglycerides exceed 1,000 mg/dL, some people may experience abdominal pain, nausea, or develop small yellowish fat deposits under the skin called xanthomas.

For example, a 45-year-old individual with a triglyceride reading of 250 mg/dL would be classified as having high triglycerides and should work with their healthcare provider to implement dietary changes, increase physical activity, and possibly consider medication to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Understanding cholesterol levels alongside triglycerides provides a complete picture of cardiovascular health, as these lipid markers work together to determine overall heart disease risk. Regular monitoring through lipid panel testing helps track progress and guide treatment decisions for optimal cardiovascular health management.

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