The exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease are not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Scientists have identified plaques and tangles in the brain as two hallmarks of the disease. Plaques are clusters of a protein called beta-amyloid that build up between nerve cells, while tangles are twisted fibers of another protein called tau that accumulate inside cells. Other potential causes include inflammation, vascular factors, and oxidative stress. [https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-causes-alzheimers-disease]
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