COPD is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests. A healthcare provider will ask about symptoms, exposure to risk factors (such as smoking), and any family history of lung diseases. A physical exam may reveal signs of COPD, such as wheezing or decreased breath sounds. However, the most important diagnostic test is spirometry, which measures lung function by assessing how much air a person can inhale and exhale, and how quickly they can exhale. In some cases, additional tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, or arterial blood gas analysis may be performed to rule out other conditions or assess the severity of COPD. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management and slowing the progression of the disease.
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