A systematic review of 11 studies found that lower adherence to Mediterranean-style diets, higher glycaemic dietary patterns, and micronutrient deficiencies (particularly vitamin D and zinc) were generally associated with greater disease severity in hidradenitis suppurativa patients.
- Mediterranean-style diets and lower glycaemic patterns may help reduce HS severity
- Vitamin D and zinc deficiencies were linked to worse disease outcomes
- Evidence remains limited but suggests diet influences HS through metabolic and inflammatory pathways
How this compares to prior research
Hidradenitis suppurativa has traditionally been viewed primarily as a skin condition, but emerging research now recognizes it as a systemic immunometabolic disease. Previous studies have established links between HS and metabolic comorbidities including obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. However, the specific role of dietary factors in HS pathogenesis and clinical course has remained poorly understood until recent investigations began examining these connections.
Prevalence trends in metabolic conditions, global data, 1980–1989
Key findings
- Lower adherence to Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and higher glycaemic diets were associated with greater HS disease severity across observational studies
- Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin D and zinc, were generally associated with worse HS outcomes
- A small pilot study reported clinical improvement following a very low-calorie ketogenic diet, though interventional evidence remains limited
What this means in practice
- Consider adopting a Mediterranean-style diet with lower glycaemic foods if you have hidradenitis suppurativa
- Ask your doctor to check your vitamin D and zinc levels and discuss supplementation if deficient
- Discuss dietary modifications as a supportive approach alongside your standard HS treatment plan
Frequently asked questions
What is hidradenitis suppurativa?
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful lumps and abscesses, often in areas where skin rubs together. It is now understood as a systemic immunometabolic disease.
Can changing my diet help with hidradenitis suppurativa?
Current evidence suggests anti-inflammatory dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet and optimizing micronutrient intake may offer supportive benefits alongside standard HS therapies, though more controlled studies are needed.
Which nutrients are most important for HS patients?
Vitamin D and zinc deficiencies were particularly associated with greater disease severity. Ensuring adequate intake of these micronutrients may be beneficial for HS patients.
Key terms explained
Immunometabolic disease
A condition involving both immune system dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities working together to cause illness
Glycaemic dietary patterns
Eating habits characterized by foods that rapidly raise blood sugar levels, such as refined carbohydrates and sugary foods
Metainflammation
Chronic low-grade inflammation triggered by metabolic dysfunction, often associated with obesity and insulin resistance
Source: Dietary patterns, metabolic pathways and metainflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review. · DOI: doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1830618